lets try it

•Ia cuma mengambil masa lebih kurang 30 saat.
•Ikut arahan pada setiap muka surat.
•Jangan pergi ke slide terakhir sebelum anda siapkan kesemua kiraan.
•Bersedia dengan mesin kira anda!!
1.Mula-mula, tetapkan dalam seminggu berapa kali anda ingin makan malam di restoran.
2. Darabkan dengan 2
3. Tambah 5
4. Darabkan dengan 50 .
5. Jika tarikh lahir anda tahun ini sudah lepas tambah 1758 sebaliknya tambah 1757 jika ianya belum lepas
6. Kiraan terakhir:
Tolak tahun anda dilahirkan.
(contoh.: 1941, 1973, dsb.).
Jumlah anda sekarang dalam tiga digit nombor.
Digit pertama dari 3 digit tersebut:
•
Adalah jumlah nombor yang anda ingin makan malam di restoran dalam seminggu
Sekarang yang paling cool!!!2 digit terakhir memberitahu anda …
UMUR anda!!!!!!
2008 ADALAH SATU-SATUNYA TAHUN DI MANA PENGIRAAN INI BERHASIL. HANTARKAN KEPADA RAKAN ANDA SEBELUM TAHUN INI BERAKHIR!

Simple quote...

"The quiter you become, the more you are able to hear"

Oh Saalim...

SALIM YG KEBUDAK-BUDAKAN

Jam sudahpun menunjukkan pukul tujuh
pagi. Salim masih lagi berdengkur.
Ibunya pun segera mengejutkannya untuk
ke sekolah.

Ibu: Salim...Salim...bangun nak, pergi
sekolah, nanti kamu terlambat.

Salim: Alah mak... Salim tidak mahu
pergi ke sekolah!

Ibu: Apa, tidak mahu pergi sekolah?!
Baik... Salim berikan emak dua sebab
mengapa Salim tidak mahu ke sekolah.

Salim: Semua murid-murid tidak suka
Salim. Guru-guru di sekolah pun tidak
suka pada Salim!

Ibu: Itu bukan alasan bagi Salim untuk
tidak ke sekolah. Cepat, bangun sekarang!

Salim: Baiklah, sekarang emak pula
berikan Salim dua sebab mengapa Salim
mesti pergi ke sekolah.

Ibu: Eh...eh...bertuah punya anak! Salim
dengar baik-baik, pertama Salim sudah
berusia empat puluh tahun. Kedua Salim
PENGETUA SEKOLAH!!!

-Hampeh punye salim. da tua2 pon pemalas =)

Renungan..

Daripada Aisyah r.a, dari Nabi S.A.W baginda telah bersabda yang maksudnya:”Sesiapa yang diberati menanggung sesuatu urusan menjaga dan memelihara anak-anak perempuan, lalu ia menjaga dan memeliharanya dengan baik, nescaya mereka menjadi pelindung baginya daripada api neraka."




Dipetik drpd : Status gtalk aalim..

sumber pengesahan dan huraian : http://ii.islam.gov.my/hadith/hadith1.asp?keyID=534

Pilihanraya Kampus UTP

Piliharanya kampus(PRK) sudah hampir kepada penghujungnya dan MPP akan dipilih dalam masa terdekat nih... masing2 berkempen dan dikempen....









Persoalannya... calon ni menang atas kebolehan dia?? kemahuan sekumpulan pelajar?? atau sekadar memenuhkan kekosongan kerusi??




Analisa manifesto PRK calon2 kali ini :

secara umumnya mereka mempunyai hala tuju masing2 setelah menang.. ada yang realistic and ade yg materialistic x kurang yang lebih kepada spastik....

Jauuuuuuuuh dalam hati aku.... ingin mendengar salah satu manifesto yg akan memperjuangkan network UTP... ya. ade yang menyebut.. namun jelas.. beliau sekadar menyebut... namun x paham ape yg disebut hingga perasaan gembira di lubuk hati saya mendengar manifesto beliau bertukar menjadi geram... dia seolah olah memandang enteng manifesto ni.. tanpa membuat kajian terlebih dahulu mengenai isu network... sebagai contoh :

seorang pelajar bertanya kpd calon ni... jd bgaimana dengan network UTP skang.. sgt2 slow.. boleh bagi komen??

Beliau menjawab : ye la kan.. skang komputer kat blok 1 n blok 2 lama2.. pentium pon rendah jer.. tp xpe la.. kite cube untuk improve... beliau ni paham ke ape yg dimaksudkan oleh pelajar tuh atau tidak?? atau calon ni kat bilik pakai proxy x terase masalah network??


Kesimpulannya... manifesto PRK kali ini agak general dan terlampau jauuuuh dr hati pelajar... pelajar mahukan something yang dekat ngan diorang.. Welfare diorang... sebelum kite bercerita mengenai isu external soal pasaran kerja atau pun tidak.. kite perlu memastikan pelajar2 kite bersedia atau mampu untuk bersaing dahulu..

Ini asyik plagirism jer.... alasan tenet slow la...jadi kite cube dahulu atasi masalah ini... biar diorang wat research banyak2.. and pandai googling.. bukan sekadar asking dan menunggu jer..Kepada kumpulan atau organisasi tertentu... sekiranya anda mempunyai wakil drpd organisasi anda... pilihla yang terbaik.... dan buktikan kepada umum yang anda bukan bersikap racist.. namun sememagnya calon drpd anda selayaknya... memang perlu dlm bertadning kene ade kumpulan.. namun biar btol2 adil dan x menindas yang ingin juga berjuang...


Kepada yang down, anda dah pilih jalan ini... mengapa perlu give up??? adakah pemimpin seperti ini yg perlu saya pilih? tepuk dada tanyer kepimpinan diri sendiri...



kIta perlu pecahkan kepompong keselesaan kita nih.... Kepada calon2 yg bertanding... buat lah yang terbaik.. anda mampu mengubahnya sekiranya niat anda btol2...


Semakin tinggi kita berada... Semakin jelas kelemahan kita...
BIar sederhana, janji bermakna,
Jangan banyak, tapi sekadar pada nama.



Sekian dahulu, wassalam.

User's guide to avoid virus infections

Keeping an eye out for viruses


Computer viruses are everywhere! This guide will show you how to stay alert and how to avoid getting infections on your computer. Having an updated virus scanner is only a small part of this, there are many ways that you can prevent having viruses other than a virus scanner, as it will not always save you.


Types of viruses
There are many type of viruses. Typical viruses are simply programs or scripts that will do various damage to your computer, such as corrupting files, copying itself into files, slowly deleting all your hard drive etc. This depends on the virus. Most viruses also mail themselves to other people in the address book. This way they spread really fast and appear at others' inboxes as too many people still fall for these. Most viruses will try to convince you to open the attachment, but I have never got one that tricked me. In fact, I found myself emailing people just to make sure they really did send me something. It does not hurt to be safe.


Worms
Worms are different type of viruses, but the same idea, but they are usually designed to copy themselves a lot over a network and usually try to eat up as much bandwidth as possible by sending commands to servers to try to get in. The code red worm is a good example of this. This worm breaks in a security hole in Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Server) in which is a badly coded http server that, despite the security risks, a lot of people use it. When the worm successfully gets in, it will try to go into other servers from there. When IceTeks was run on a dedicated server at my house, there was about 10 or so attempts per day, but because we ran Apache, the attempts did not do anything but waste bandwidth and not much as I had it fixed a special way. Some worms such as the SQL slammer will simply send themselves over and over so many times that they will clog up networks, and sometimes all of the internet. Worms usually affect servers more than home users, but again, this depends on what worm it is. It is suspected that most worms are efforts from the RIAA to try to stop piracy, so they try to clog up networks that could contain files. Unfortunately, the RIAA have the authority to do these damages and even if caught, nothing can be done.


Trojans
Trojans are another type of virus. They are simply like a server in which enables hackers to get into and control the computer. A trojan such as Subseven can enable a hacker to do various things such as control the mouse, eject the cd-rom drive, delete/download/upload files and much more.


MBR virues
Boot sector viruses are another type, they are similar to file viruses, but instead they go in the boot sector and can cause serious damage when the computer is booted, some can easily format your drive simply by booting your computer. These are hard to remove.


Most viruses have various characteristics. For example, a worm can also be a trojan and also infect the boot sector. It all depends on how the virus is written and what it is designed to do. That's why there are not really strong structured categories, as they can easily mix one in the other.


Know the potentially dangerous files
Like any other files, viruses must be opened in order to do something. Most viruses come through e-mail as an attachment. Some will make it look like it's someone you know, and it will try to convince you to open an attachment. Never open attachments at any cost! Some viruses will infect files in programs, so opening a program will actually open the virus, maybe the same one, or another part of it.


All files have what is called an extension; This is the 3 last letters after the last period. For example, setup.exe has a file extension of .exe.


Extensions to watch out for are .exe .com .bat .scr .pif .vbs and others, but these are the most seen. .exe .com .bat .pif and .scr are valid extensions for executables. A virus writer will simply rename it to one of these and it will work the same way. .pif is a shortcut to an ms-dos program and will have the ms dos icon, but will still execute whatever code is in it, so an .exe can be renamed to .pif and be run the same way. .bat is a batch file, which can contain instructions to do various file activities, but again, a .exe can be renamed to .bat and it will execute it! .vbs is a visual basic script. For some reason, Microsoft provides this scripting language along with the scripting host to make it more convenient to design and write viruses quickly and easily, I've never seen another use for this scripting language other than for writing viruses. There are programs that are written with that language, but it is compiled into an exe. Exe is the usual extension for programs, you would not have a software CD install a bunch of vbs files all over!


Bottom line is, if you don't know what a file is just don't open it. Some viruses will sometimes be named a way as to mask the real file extension to make it look like a harmless file such as a image file. This is easily noticed, but can still be missed. Simply don't open unexpected files.


If you get something that appears like something legit, just ask the person it came from if they sent it. Most viruses use a friend's address to make it look like it comes from them. The virus does this by using the person's address when sending itself to the address book contacts.


Downloads
Email is not the only way to get viruses; P2P (file sharing programs such as kazaa, winmx, direct connect etc) is also another way to get viruses.


When downloading programs, the main thing to watch out for is the file size. If you are downloading a program that you expect to be rather large such as a game, don't grab a file that is 10KB, since it's most likely a virus. However, I've been caught with a virus even with large files, so file size is not the only thing to watch, as an exe is still valid even if junk is added at the end, so a 64KB virus will still function even if it is turned into 650MB.


Icons are something to look for too, fortunately, virus writers don't take time to put icons. If your download should be a setup file, you should see the icon of a setup file. If it's just the blank icon that typical plain or corrupted exes have, don't open it.


Another thing to do, which should be obvious, is to scan the file for viruses using updated virus definitions. But don't rely on only your virus scanner, as they are not perfect, and if the virus has not been reported to them yet, they won't know to create a definition for it!


Changing settings to stay safe
If you do open a virus, you want to avoid it going to all your friends. The simplest thing to do is to NOT use the windows address book. It is easy for viruses to get through and Microsoft is not doing anything about it. Just don't use it. Put them in spreadsheet or even better write them down somewhere. Don't use the address book.


Another "feature" to avoid is the auto preview. Some viruses can attempt to open themselves just by opening the email. There are security holes in Microsoft mail programs that allow this. In Microsoft Outlook, click on the view menu and remove auto preview. You need to do this for every folder, but the inbox is most important. In Outlook Express, click on the view menu and go to layout. In the dialog box, you will see a check box for show preview pane. Uncheck it and click ok.


Another thing you should change, especially if you download a lot, is the option that allows you to view the file extension. In Win98, go in any folder, click on view then folder options and choose the view tab and where it says hide file extension for known types, uncheck it. In win2k, it is the same process, but instead, go in the control panel and open the folder options icon.


Avoiding server worms
Some viruses, mostly worms, can exploit through servers and affect other servers from servers that have been infected. A good example is the SQL slammer. This was a worm that affected SQL servers run by Microsoft IIS and Microsoft SQL Server. Once the worm gets in, that particular server starts trying to find more exploitable driving internet connections to a halt in the process. Servers running Apache were unaffected by that, except for the many hits to try to get in. IceTeks received about 100 hits per day when it was run on a dedicated home server. Most hits came from major ISPs and other big websites that had no clue they were still affected.


The simple solution to avoid these types of viruses is to NOT use Microsoft based server software for your server, especially if it is a public server. The operating system is also crucial, but the actual server software is much more. Apache, which is free, is much more secure than Microsoft based server programs such as IIS. IIS may be easier to understand and administer, but it saves a lot of hassle to learn how to use Apache. IIS has a large number of vulnerabilities, such as the ability to gain access to cmd.exe and basically delete the whole drive by doing a ../ request in the address bar. These don't require viruses, but simply commands, but there are worms written to automatically make these commands. The code red does this.


Removing a virus
The best way to do this is to do a clean install. However, depending on how bad the virus is, a simple clean install won't remove it. So to be extra sure, you'll want to do a low level format. This is especially true of you got a boot sector virus, as even repartitioning and formatting won't quite remove it, but sometimes you can get away with an fdisk /mbr, but not all the time. here are various removal tools for viruses, it is good to use them and see if they work, but proceeding with the clean install is recommended. You never know if the virus is completely removed by deleting files you suspect are infected. Some viruses such as the Bugbear will close anti virus programs and other programs to make it hard and annoying to figure out what to do. A clean install is the best way to ensure that it's gone for good.

Viruses are out there, don't be one of the many infected ones! Stay alert and stay safe! Don't open unexpected files, regularly update your virus definitions and scan downloaded files!

I hope this article was useful for you!

Translating Binary to Text: The Hard Way

A Tutorial for those willing to Learn

Contents
1. Introduction
2. The Binary System
3. Converting Binary to ASCII (Text)

Introduction:
We’ve all seen binary code. We’ve come to think of them as a bunch of ones and zeroes in long strings…
010010101010101001101011

But these ones and zeroes can also represent decimal numbers. First off, I will show you how to read these numbers as the decimal numbers we’re used to in our daily life. Then, I will show you how to use those numbers and your keypad to translate them into text. Note that your computer doesn’t use the decimal system, so technically, when it converts binary to text, it doesn’t go through the process I will show you. This is just a divertive way of explaining you how the binary system works.

The Binary System:
Here’s a simple example of binary:
10101

Let’s think of the example above as empty slots:
_ _ _ _ _

First off, you read binary from right-to-left. It’s just the way it’s designed. The first slot from the right represents a value of one, the second from the right a value of two, the third from the right a value of four, the fourth from the right a value of eight, the fifth from the right a value of sixteen, and the cycle continues by multiples of 2. This will never change.

By putting a 1 or a 0 in those slots you are either saying you want to corresponding value that’s attached to that slot or you don’t. A 1 means yes, and a 0 means no. For example, putting a zero in the first slot from the right, but a 1 in the second slot from the right means you want a two, but not a one:
_ _ _ 1 0

As such, the number above equals to a decimal value of two.

As an example, let’s say you want to represent eight in binary form. Well, thinking about the slots, you want the first slot to be 0 because you don’t want a one, you want the second slot to also be 0 because you don’t want a two, you want the third slot to also to be 0 because you don’t want a four, but you want the fifth slot to be 1 because you want a value of eight. As such, eight in binary form is:
1 0 0 0 (or simply 1000 without those underlines)

Now it is important to note that the amount of zeroes that precede the first value of one from the left is unimportant. So for example:
1 0 0 0 is the same as 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 (1000 = 000100)

To get it cleared up, here’s another example:
0 1 is the same as 1


Exercises: What do the following equal in decimal terms?
a) 100
b] 000100
c) 100000
d) 0010

Answers:
a) 4
b] 4
c) 32
d) 2

If you got the answers above right, then you pretty much understand the basics of binary.
Let’s now understand how to get the corresponding decimal values to the numbers which are not multiples of 2.

To get the total value of a binary number, add the values corresponding to each slot. So, for example, three in binary would be:
11

The above corresponds to three because if you add the total values of all the slots, that is to say a one from the slot to the right, and a two from the second slot to the right, then it equals three.

As another example, let’s say you want to represent 5 in binary terms. Then you would need a value of one to be added to a value of four, and you would not want a value of two:
101 [Reading from the right: 1(one) + 0(two) + 1(four) = five]

Here’s an additional example:
001011 [Reading from the right: 1(one) + 1(two) + 0(four) + 1(eight) + 0(sixteen) + 0(thirty-two) = eleven)



Exercises: What do the following equal in decimal terms?
a) 11011
b] 110
c) 010101
d) 10110

Answers:
a) 27
b] 6
c) 21
d) 22

If you got the above questions correct [without cheating], then you essentially understand the binary system. Understanding the binary system was the hard part. What follows is pretty easy.

3. Converting Binary to ASCII (Text)
ASCII is essentially the letters, numbers and symbols that are stored in our computers through the use of fonts. When the keyboard relays the buttons you pressed, it sends in a code which is then converted to the ASCII equivalent of “k” or “5” or whatever key you pressed.

Here’s an example of a message “hidden” in binary text:
0100100001100101011011000110110001101111

Now there are only so many letters, numbers and symbols stored for ASCII. Having sets of 8 digits for their binary equivalent is more than enough to represent all of these letters and the like. As such, all strings that represent text like in the above are separated into bits of 8 for simplicity:
01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111

Okay, so our example message was separated into 8 digit strings. The decimal value for each of these strings in the example was calculated for you.
01001000 = 72
01100101 = 101
01101100 = 108
01101100 = 108
01101111 = 111

The result was 72,101,108,108,111. Now, there is something called the ASCII table. It essentially corresponds to the binary numbers from yore to the equivalent letters/symbols/numbers. But since we found the decimal values of these binary strings, we can use a major shortcut.

By pressing ALT + [The Number], you will get the ASCII equivalent of that number. For example, by pressing the ALT key and at then (while keeping it down) the numbers 72 in any text editor, you will get the corresponding “H” to show up.

Let’s do so for the entire example message:
72 = H
101 = e
108 = l
108 = l
111 = o

So the entire “hidden” message translates to “Hello”.


Exercise: Decode the following message
010000110110111101101110011001110111001001100001011101000111010101101100011000010111010001
101001011011110110111001110011 00100001

Hint: The first step on your way to decoding the message (separated into bytes for you)
01000011 01101111 01101110 01100111 01110010 01100001 01110100 01110101 01101100 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 01110011 00100001


PS. Please note that this is the information as I've come to understand it. As such, it's somewhat easier to understand, but it may not necessarily be accurate. In other words, if another source contradicts what has been indicated here, that source is probably right. This text was completely written up by me, with no other sources for aid. If you wish to distribute this text, feel free to do so, but I would appreciate it if you contacted me first.

Create A Huge File

You can create a file of any size using nothing more than what's supplied with Windows. Start by converting the desired file size into hexadecimal notation. You can use the Windows Calculator in Scientific mode do to this. Suppose you want a file of 1 million bytes. Enter 1000000 in the calculator and click on the Hex option to convert it (1 million in hex is F4240.) Pad the result with zeroes at the left until the file size reaches eight digits—000F4240.

Now open a command prompt window. In Windows 95, 98, or Me, you can do this by entering COMMAND in the Start menu's Run dialog; in Windows NT 4.0, 2000, or XP enter CMD instead. Enter the command DEBUG BIGFILE.DAT and ignore the File not found message. Type RCX and press Enter. Debug will display a colon prompt. Enter the last four digits of the hexadecimal number you calculated (4240, in our example). Type RBX and press Enter, then enter the first four digits of the hexadecimal size (000F, in our example). Enter W for Write and Q for Quit. You've just created a 1-million-byte file using Debug. Of course you can create a file of any desired size using the same technique.

Ummi, Aisyah Gagal Exam...

www.iluvislam.com
oleh : ummukhadijah

“Kring…kring..kring…”aku bergegas mengangkat telefon. Seusai mengangkat telefon, kedengaran suara anak sulungku, Aisyah di talian teresak-esak menangis. “Ummi, Aisyah sedih,” katanya. Kaget aku seketika. Kenapa dengan anakku ini, setahu aku, Aisyah seorang yang sangat susah untuk menangis. “Aisyah, boleh ummi tahu kenapa Aisyah menangis tiba-tiba ni? Ada sesuatu yang buruk terjadi ke?” aku bertanya.

“Ummi, hari tu Aisyah ada cerita kan pasal exam Aisyah yang susah. Aisyah ‘fail’ ummi.” Serentak dengan itu, makin kuat esakannya. “Aisyah , tidak mengapa, sabar Aisyah, ummi tahu, Aisyah dah berikan yang terbaik. Allah pun tahu Aisyah dah usaha sungguh-sungguh untuk paper Aisyah yang satu ni,” pujukku.

“Ummi, Aisyah sedih. Kawan Aisyah banyak yang lepas ummi, Aisyah seorang saja yang tersangkut ummi,” katanya dalam sedu sedannya. “Aisyah, sabar sayang, banyakkan istighfar, nak.” Pilu hatiku mendengar esak tangisnya. Teringat aku pada peristiwa yang sama yang pernah terjadi padaku dua puluh lima tahun yang lalu. “Aisyah, tidak mengapa, gagal sekali ni bukan bermaksud gagal selama-lamanya. Aisyah masih ada peluang nak baiki mana yang silap, yakinkan mana yang ragu, sebab Aisyah masih belajar. Nanti Aisyah masih ada peluang untuk ulang semula paper ni kan?” soalku.

“Ummi, tak sama ulang semula dengan tak perlu ulang semula. Aisyah malu.” “Aisyah, malu yang diajar islam bukan begitu caranya. Kita perlu malu kalau kita buat salah dengan Allah, tak ikut apa yang Allah suruh buat, buat apa yang Allah larang. Lulus atau gagal ini letaknya di tangan Allah, Allah dah tetapkan sejak azali lagi. Allah tak kisah kalau kita gagal atau lulus, tapi Allah kira usaha yang kita buat untuk jawab soalan kita,belajar, berdoa, itu semua termasuk dalam nilaian Allah. Lepas tu, keputusan itu di tangan Allah, dan kita sebagai umat islam diajar untuk redha dengan apa yang Allah dah tetapkan untuk kita selepas kita dah berusaha dan bertawakal.

Sepatutnya Aisyah, kita kena rasa malu kalau kita tak percaya dengan apa yang Allah dah tetapkan untuk kita,” nasihatku. “Tapi ummi, perit sungguh rasa ni. Ummi, kenapa Aisyah ummi..Aisyah rasa tak cukup kuat pun nak hadapi ujian Allah ni,” esaknya. “Aisyah, manusia ni pertimbangannya tak jauh. Ilmunya terhad, tak pernah sama dengan ilmu Allah. Yakinlah Aisyah, kalaupun Aisyah tak nampak, bahawa ini adalah yang terbaik untuk Aisyah. Jangan cakap seperti itu nak, itu tanda orang putus asa, Allah tak suka orang yang berputus asa,” pesanku. “Aisyah, ingat tak ayat Quran yang ummi ajar Aisyah baca setiap pagi.. “Allah tidak membebankan seseorang melainkan dengan kesanggupannya….” (Al-Baqarah : 286)

“Aisyah, dalam ayat ni, Allah dengan jelasnya beritahu bahawa dia tidak akan uji kita kalau kita tak mampu. Ini kata-kata Allah Aisyah, yang tiada ragunya, yang sentiasa benar dari dulu hingga kini, kata-kata dari pencipta kita.,” katanya.

“Ummi, Aisyah tahu….tapi, susahnya ummi nak terima hakikat ni,” katanya. “Aisyah sayang, ini barulah apa yang kita katakan praktikal dari apa yang kita belajar selama ini. Kalau dulu, ummi asyik ajar Aisyah teori bersabar, inilah waktunya bila mana Aisyah kena praktikkan sabar itu. Ummi tahu, ia memang manis dan sedap untuk diucapkan, tetapi hakikatnya susah untuk dilakukan. Sebab tu orang yang banyak bersabar ni ganjarannya tinggi di sisi Allah.”

“Aisyah, cuba kita tengok kisah Rasulullah dulu. Sayang Allah padanya, Allah uji dengan pelbagai ujian, Allah uji dengan kaum Mekah yang tidak jemu-jemu menentangnya, Allah uji dengan perginya orang-orang yang tersayang ketika baginda sangat-sangat memerlukannya, Allah uji dengan macam-macam lagi bentuk ujian. Allah tak bagi Rasulullah kemenangan dengan mudah, kerana Allah nak ajar Rasulullah s.a.w. dan umatnya bersabar itu bagaimana. Sabarlah Aisyah, Allah sayang padamu, sebab tu Allah uji dengan ujian sebegini rupa, sebab Allah nak Aisyah lagi dekat padaNya, Allah nak bagi peluang dekat Aisyah tambah pahala berlipat ganda dengan banyak-banyak bersabar.”

“Aisyah, kadang-kadang, gagal inilah yang akan memacu kita untuk lebih berjaya. Bersyukurlah sayangku, sebab Allah tunjuk kelemahan kita sejak dari mula lagi, Allah bagi kita peluang untuk baiki segala kesilapan kita dari awal supaya kita berjaya dengan cemerlang kelak. Allah ajar kita untuk pandai bahagikan masa antara kerja persatuan dan pelajaran, sebagai langkah awal sebelum menempuh alam rumahtangga yang pastinya lebih mencabar kelak.”

“Ummi, Aisyah rasa Aisyah dah bagi yang terbaik ummi,”katanya. “Aisyah, sebab tu ummi kata, pengetahuan manusia ni terhad. Kita sukar untuk nampak hikmah di sebalik sesuatu peristiwa. Mungkin apa yang Allah nak didik Aisyah ialah kemenangan dan kejayaan kita bukan terletak pada banyak mananya usaha yang telah kita buat, tapi pada rahmat dan kekuasaan Allah.” “Aisyah ingat tak kisah perang Hunain di mana bilangan umat islam yang ramai tidak menjamin kejayaan mereka. Kenapa agaknya Aisyah?” tanyaku.

“Kenapa ummi?” tanyanya berminat.

“Kerana bilangan yang ramai itu telah menyebabkan mereka lupa untuk bergantung penuh pada Allah, mereka merasa mereka kuat dengan tentera yang banyak, walhal kemenangan itu terletak pada tangan Allah. “Samalah dengan usaha kita yang banyak. Usaha itu diibaratkan sebagai pancing untuk meraih rahmat dan redha Allah yang akan menentukan kejayaan atau kemenangan kita kelak.” ceritaku.

“Ummi, Aisyah rasa Allah nak ajar Aisyah untuk jadi hamba Allah yang betul-betul hamba, tanpa ada secebis pun rasa aku hebat dalam diri. Mungkin benar apa yang ummi cakap, sebab sebelum ni Aisyah kan sentiasa senang, cemerlang dalam segala-galanya. Nombor satu dalam kelas perkara biasa, semua ‘A’, pelajar terbaik sekolah sampai mungkin Aisyah terlupa untuk mengembalikan rasa syukur itu kembali kepada Allah,” jawabnya.

“Alhamdulillah, itulah yang ummi cuba sampaikan. Itulah yang dinamakan ujian dalam nikmat, yang mana kita selalu terlupa, bak Qarun yang terlupa untuk ingat Allah dengan banyaknya harta yang dimiliki.” kataku.

“Nauzubillah ummi, Aisyah tak nak jadi macam tu ummi.” katanya.

“Begitulah sayang, Allah suruh ambil pengajaran dari kisah-kisah terdahulu,” nasihatku.

“Terima kasih ummi, Aisyah rindulah nak jumpa ummi. Baiklah ummi, Aisyah akan usaha sungguh-sungguh lepas ni dan berdoa dan berharap betul-betul pada Allah.” janjinya.

“Alhamdulillah nak, kita kembalikan semuanya kepada Allah,” tambahku. “Baiklah ummi, azan dah berkumandang tu, Aisyah solat dulu. Terima kasih lagi sekali, my dearest ummi.” katanya.

“Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, ummi,” katanya menutu bicara.

“Waalaikumussalam warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, anakku,” balasku. Gagang telefon kuletak perlahan. Tanpa kusedari, air mataku bergenang, teringat perbualanku dengan ummiku 25 tahun yang dulu, yang nasihat dan perangsangnya telah banyak membantuku menjadi seorang doctor pada hari ni. Ummi, Ana rindu ummi juga…

sumber : http://ummukhadijah.blogspot.com

Getting used to using your keyboard exclusively and leaving your mouse behind will make you much more efficient at performing any task on any Windows

Windows key + R = Run menu

This is usually followed by:
cmd = Command Prompt
iexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management
services.msc = Services
eventvwr = Event Viewer
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services
Windows key + E = Explorer

ALT + Tab = Switch between windows

ALT, Space, X = Maximize window

CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager

Windows key + Break = System properties

Windows key + F = Search

Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows

CTRL + C = copy

CTRL + X = cut

CTRL + V = paste

Also don't forget about the "Right-click" key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you've opened up any program.


Keyboard Shortcuts

[Alt] and [Esc] Switch between running applications

[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter

[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu

[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)

[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window

[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document

Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word

Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph

[F1] Open Help for active application

Windows+M Minimize all open windows

Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows

Windows+F1 Open Windows Help

Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons

Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box



acessability shortcuts

Right SHIFT for eight seconds........ Switch FilterKeys on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN....... Switch High Contrast on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK....... Switch MouseKeys on and off.

SHIFT....... five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.

NUM LOCK...... for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.

explorer shortcuts

END....... Display the bottom of the active window.

HOME....... Display the top of the active window.

NUM LOCK+ASTERISK....... on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.

LEFT ARROW...... Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder.

RIGHT ARROW....... Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder.




Type the following commands in your Run Box (Windows Key + R) or Start Run

devmgmt.msc = Device Manager
msinfo32 = System Information
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc = Microsoft Management Console
excel = Microsoft Excel (If Installed)
msaccess = Microsoft Access (If Installed)
powerpnt = Microsoft PowerPoint (If Installed)
winword = Microsoft Word (If Installed)
frontpg = Microsoft FrontPage (If Installed)
notepad = Notepad
wordpad = WordPad
calc = Calculator
msmsgs = Windows Messenger
mspaint = Microsoft Paint
wmplayer = Windows Media Player
rstrui = System Restore
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x
netscp = Netscape 7.x
netscape = Netscape 4.x
waol = America Online
control = Opens the Control Panel
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog


internetbrowser

type in u're adress "google", then press [Right CTRL] and [Enter]
add www. and .com to word and go to it

GASTRIK / ANGIN PERUT

Ulser peptic ditakrif sebagai luka kecil yang terjadi di bahagian usus, selalunya di bahagian duodenum (dipanggil duodenal ulcer) ataupun perut (dipanggil gastric ulcer). Ulser ini selalunya benign (tidak menyebabkan berlakunya kanser). Bagaimanapun peratusan kecil ulser ini boleh menjadi malignant (akhirnya menyebabkan kanser).

Apakah yang menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit ini?

Penyakit ini dipercayai disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan kandungan asid dan pepsin di dalam usus. Pengeluaran asid yang berlebihan menyebabkan terjadinya ulser.

Bagaimanapun, pada tahun 1982, dua orang saintis Warren dan Marshall telah mengaitkan bakteria Helicobacter pylori (lebih biasa dikenali sebagai H. pylori) dengan ulser. Didapati sehingga 80% ulser gastrik disebabkan oleh bakteria ini. Bakteria ini boleh hidup dalam keadaan yang berasid tinggi kerana ia boleh mengeluarkan sejenis enzim yang meneutralkan asid tersebut.

Apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi penyakit ini?

Antara faktor-faktor yang perlu diperhatikan ialah:

· pengambil ubat-ubat tahan sakit seperti aspirin, brufen dsb. Kumpulan ubat dari jenis NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) ini boleh menyebabkan atau memburukkan lagi ulser yang dihidapi.

· orang yang lebih tua, berusia 50 tahun ke atas. Ini mungkin kerana mereka lebih kerap mengambil ubat tahan sakit untuk penyakit arthritis (sakit sendi), atau sebab-sebab lain.

· penyakit tertentu seperti Crohn's disease dan Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

· hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan reflux. Kecederaan pada proses ini boleh menyebabkan asid bile masuk ke dalam perut dan menipiskan lapisannya. Pada orang tua pula, pylorus boleh merenggang, menyebabkan kejadian yang sama berlaku.

· orang yang berdarah jenis A.

· pengambilan kafein dan alkohol berlebihan.

· perokok.

· pemakanan yang tidak terurus.

· stress (tekanan) secara tidak langsung boleh mempengaruhi penyakit ini.

Tanda-tanda

Pesakit akan mengalami satu atau lebih tanda-tanda di bawah ini:

· sakit perut dan rasa tidak hadam makan. Sakit perut selalunya dirasai di bahagian atas perut

· rasa pening kepala.

· mengalami angin. Terasa sakit di bahagian ulu hati. Sendawa dan kentut yang kerap.

· muntah.

· badan rasa lemah lesu.

· berat badan menurun.

· najis menjadi hitam atau gelap (kerana ia sebati dengan darah).

Langkah-langkah yang boleh anda lakukan

Langkah-langkah untuk melegakan penyakit ulser perut ini termasuklah:

· makan yang kerap. Ambil makanan ringan antara makan utama. Ini untuk mengelakkan perut daripada kosong.

· rehat yang lebih.

· jauhkan daripada perkara-perkara yang boleh mempengaruhi terjadinya atau memburukkan lagi ulser (sila rujuk di atas).

· pengambilan makanan yang mengandungi sulfur seperti bawang putih, kobis, brocolli harus ditambah. Sulfur membentuk glutathione yang melindungi lapisan perut.

· ambil vitamin C 100mg untuk mengurangkan kandungan nitrosamines yang boleh menyebabkan kaser perut.

· tambahkan zink dalam pemakanan untuk proses penyembuhan.

· pengambilan probiotik (bakteria baik) hendaklah diamalkan.

Ubat-ubat yang boleh diambil

Antara ubat yang selalu diberikan untuk melegakan gastrik ialah :

· antacids. Ubat-ubat ini melawan asid (anti-asid). Antara jenama terkemuka ialah seperti Actal, Gelusil, Mylanta, dsb. Antacids yang mengandungi aluminium boleh menyebabkan sembelit manakala yang mengandungi magnesium boleh menyebabkan cirit-birit sekiranya diambil berlebihan. Ubat-ubat ini selalunya dalam bentuk cecair atau tablet yang dikunyah. Antacids adalah ubat-ubatan yang selalu diberikan sekiranya anda mengambil ubat-ubat tahan sakit, dan penggunaannya dalam keadaan ini boleh menghalang berlakunya gastrik.

· H2receptor antagonists seperti Zantac (Ranitidine), Tagamet (Cimetidine), Axid (Nizatidine) dan Pepcidine (Famotidine) - dalam kurungan adalah bahan aktifnya.

· proton pump inhibitors seperti Losec (Omeprazole) dan Lansoprazole.

· prostaglandin analogues seperti Cytotec (Misoprostol).

· ubat-ubat terbaru untuk merawat ulser ini adalah bertujuan untuk membunuh H. pylori. Pengambilannya hendaklah diteruskan selama satu hingga dua minggu. Antara rawatan yang popular ialah pengambilan Losec (Omeprazole) bersama-sama dengan Clarithromycin dan Metronidazole selama dua minggu. Ketiga-tiga ubat ini diambil sekali.

Ulser didapati sering berulang-ulang terutama sekiranya H.pylori tidak dibunuh. Dalam erti kata lain, pengambilan ubat-ubatan selain daripada yang boleh membunuh bakteria H. pylori adalah sebagai langkah yang berterusan. Pesakit yang mengambil ubat untuk membunuh bakteria H. pylori selalunya (90%) tidak lagi mengalami masalah ulser selepas itu.

Kajian terkini mendapati ada kaitan antara H. pylori dengan kejadian kanser perut. Di Colombia dan China, di mana kehadiran H. pylori dalam usus adalah biasa, peratusan yang menghidapi kanser perut adalah tinggi.

H. pylori boleh berjangkit melalui air minuman dan pemakanan. Ia juga boleh berjangkit melalui air liur (seperti bercumbuan).

Sekiranya ulser tidak dikawal ia boleh menyebabkan masalah yang lebih teruk lagi:

· haemorrhage iaitu pendarahan dalaman yang teruk. Akibatnya pesakit akan kehilangan banyak darah. Pesakit juga mungkin muntah darah dan mendapati darah dalam najis mereka.

· lubang akan terbentuk di dalam lapisan usus. Ini boleh menyebabkan acute peritonitis dan memerlukan pembedahan segera.

· perjalanan makanan dalam usus boleh terhalang bila terdapat parut hasil daripada ulser tersebut. Ini menyebabkan pesakit muntah dan boleh menurunkan berat badan.

HOw To Remove LInux And FIx your MBR

First of all you need to know where your Linux OS is installed to. that is what drive it is currently living on. Bear in mind that Linux formats the drive as HFS rather than Fat/Fat32 or NTFS. ( These are the file systems used by various Operating Systems).

So HFS Partitions are not seen by windows, so its hidden.

To remove the partitions of Linux in WindowsXP go to your 'Control panel' > Admistrative Tools > Computer Managment

Open 'Disk Management' and you will see your Linux drives recognised as 'Unknown Partition' plus the status of the drive. Bearing in mind you know what partition and disk you installed to it will be easier to recognise as the drive/partition where you had installed it to.

Once you have identifed the drives, 'right-Click' on the drive/partiton and select 'Delete Logical Drive'

Once you have followed this through, you will now have free space.

This next part is very important. Once you have formatted the drive, re format it as your required file system type. either Fat32 or NTFS. Now the important part is coming up !

Fixing your Master Boot Record to make Windows Bootable again.

Have a Windows Boot disk with all the basic DOS Commands loaded on to the disk. A standard Windows 98/Me Boot Disk will work too.

Type in the DOS command :

e.g, from your C:\

fdisk /mbr

Or use your Windows XP run the recovery console, pick which xp install you would like to boot in to (usually you will pick #1)

then type: fixmbr. Answer Y to the dialoge.

Your master boot record will now be restored and Windows XP will be bootable once again. Your System will be restored with your original boot loader that you got with Windows XP.

How To Setup Your Own Dns (Domain Name Server)

This is only a quick tutorial, there are literally hundreds of little tricks you can do with a DNS, but this will get your basics up and running. I'm assuming you want to setup a windows DNS server, but the principals will work for most servers.

You will need..

1) A domain name over which you have full control
2) DNS server software(Windows server always comes with one of these)
3) At least one fixed IP address, allthough two is highly desirable
4) An idea of what services you want on your server

The first thing you need to do is create your new domain entry. In windows this is called a "Zone" and you will have one for every domain name you have. Add your main domain in the forward lookup zone as a Primary zone, which will be in the format "Domainname.com", or .co.uk, or whatever, you shouldn't need any more details for this bit. Do *not* allow dynamic updates unless this is a local network DNS. Once it is created you will have 2 entry's under your new domain, "SOA"(Or Start of Authority) and "NS"(Or Name server). If you want a 100% compliant DNS then you should now follow the same process but adding a domain as a reverse lookup zone. Any changes you make to the forward lookup should have the "Update Reverse Lookup" option ticked if its available, if not you must update the reverse zone manually(This is very important).

Now edit the "NS" entry in your forward zone to "NS0.DomainName.Com", and set it to the relevant IP address. Add another (NS) record and set it to "NS1.DomainName.Com". If using 2 IP address, try to make NS0 the first IP. Now you need to configure the SOA entry in the forward lookup zone. The serial number should be changed to a date followed by a number in this format "YYYYMMDDnn", this is not required, but is advised by RIPE. The primary server will be the "NS0.domainname.com" entry you just made and the responsible person should be left for now. The refresh interval should be set somewhere between 1200 to 43200 seconds, the retry should be between 120-7200 seconds and the expires after should be around 2-4 weeks(I'll let you work out the seconds for that). The minimum TTL is quite important, and depending on what you are going to do with the domain, you might need to tweak this a bit. Typically a value between 1-3 hours should be used. Now go to your "Name server" settings in your SOA record(In windows this is a tab in the same window) remove the defaults, and add your two Name servers that you just setup. We will come back to the SOA record later, but for now we need to do some more stuff.

If you want a website, then your going to want the WWW. setting up. We will set it up as an "A" record, which means it is a separate top level record and will be populated separately from other entries. So add an "A" to your forward lookup zone and put the entry as "WWW", and set the IP address to wherever you want the website to be. This will be where the domain always goes, and it could be anywhere. Just make sure there is a web server waiting there for it. If you want FTP, then setup the same thing but with "FTP" in the entry. You will now also have to setup "A" records for the NS0 and NS1 name servers that you added previously, just make them the same as WWW and FTP, but make sure the IP addresses match the ones used for setting up the "NS" records. Also add a blank "A" record, this will make sure that "domainname.com" works as well as "www.domainname.com".

Now you should decide whether or not you want to have mail on this domain. It is Hegel advisable that you set one up, even if it just to catch domain mail about abuse or potential problems that might occur. You can find plenty of high quality free mail servers out there, but I would recommend "Mail Enable", its free and provides everything you would want, but if you want webmail you do have to pay something extra for it. We will now configure the MX records. Add an "A" name for your mail server, you can add 2 if you want, but for simplicity I would advise staying with 1. We will call ours "Mail.domainname.com", and point it to one of our IP addresses. Now add an "MX" record in the Forward Lookup zone, giving it the full "A" record you just entered "Mail.domainname.com", and do not setup a host or child domain, just leave it blank.

This next step isn't needed, but is again highly recommended.

Now to finish the SOA you need to add two more records. A "RP" entry, which is a Responsible Person, and they will be the contact point for domain complaints and a "MB" entry, which is a mailbox entry. The "MB" should just be pointed to the mail server domain name "Mail.domainname.com", and the "RP" should have the host or domain set to the name of your mail box. So for this server it will be "Tony.Domainname.com", and the mailbox will be set to the "MB" record you just made. Don't worry about the RP address having no "@" in it, this is the expected format for an "RP" entry. You will now have to go back into the SOA and change the responsible person to the new "RP" record you just made.

And thats it, your done! You can add as many "A" records as you like to point to other web servers, or a multitude of FTP sites. And you can add "CNAME" records to basically point to another name, usually an "A" record, like an alias.

Now before you switch your domain on, you need to check that the server is performing properly. So go to www.dnsreport.com, and run the report on your domain "domainname.com", and it will give you a very detailed report of any problems, and even a short description of how to fix the problems. If all is OK, then you are ready to go live. If your domain name is new, or not currently hosted anywhere then the first thing you should do is re-point the domain at your new server. You will typically do this with the provider who owns the domain, and it will be different with all hosts. But the basic settings are the same. You will be asked for at least 2 name servers and ip addresses to go with them. Just put in "NS0.domainname.com" and "NS1.domainname.com" and put in the correct IP addresses. Make sure you do not mess this up, as changes to your main NS servers could potentially take several days to straighten themselves out. Update these settings, and then sit back and wait. You can do a whois on the main DNS server of your domain provider to check if the settings have worked, but again this doesn't always work. For the big 3 domains(.com .net .org) you can do a whois on the network associates site to see the changes instantly. You can also track the progress of the domain changes by doing an NSLookup in dos, like this...

c:\nslookup ns0.domainname.com NS0.yourprovidersdns.com

That will give you the entries your domain provider has

c:\nslookup www.domainname.com ns0.domainname.com

And this will tell you if the changes for your domain have gone through to your ISPs DNS yet. It should give you back the IP address of your new DNS server.

You should always make sure your server is backed up, and that you refresh or update the DNS when you are making changes

Boot Win XP Fast

Follow the following steps

1. Open notepad.exe, type "del c:\windows\prefetch\ntosboot-*.* /q" (without the quotes) & save as "ntosboot.bat" in c:\
2. From the Start menu, select "Run..." & type "gpedit.msc".
3. Double click "Windows Settings" under "Computer Configuration" and double click again on "Shutdown" in the right window.
4. In the new window, click "add", "Browse", locate your "ntosboot.bat" file & click "Open".
5. Click "OK", "Apply" & "OK" once again to exit.
6. From the Start menu, select "Run..." & type "devmgmt.msc".
7. Double click on "IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers"
8. Right click on "Primary IDE Channel" and select "Properties".
9. Select the "Advanced Settings" tab then on the device or 1 that doesn't have 'device type' greyed out select 'none' instead of 'autodetect' & click "OK".
10. Right click on "Secondary IDE channel", select "Properties" and repeat step 9.
11. Reboot your computer.

All mIRC Commands

All mIRC Commands

/ Recalls the previous command entered in the current window.
/! Recalls the last command typed in any window.
/action {action text} Sends the specifed action to the active channel or query window.
/add [-apuce] {filename.ini} Loads aliases, popups, users, commands, and events.
/ame {action text} Sends the specifed action to all channels which you are currently on.
/amsg {text} Sends the specifed message to all channels which you are currently on.
/auser {level} {nick|address} Adds a user with the specified access level to the remote users
list.
/auto [on|off|nickname|address] Toggles auto-opping of a nick or address or sets it on or off
totally.
/away {away message} Sets you away leave a message explaining that you are not currently paying
attention to IRC.
/away Sets you being back.
/ban [#channel] {nickname} [type] Bans the specified nick from the curent or given channel.
/beep {number} {delay} Locally beeps 'number' times with 'delay' in between the beeps. /channel
Pops up the channel central window (only works in a channel).
/clear Clears the entire scrollback buffer of the current window.
/ctcp {nickname} {ping|finger|version|time|userinfo|clientinfo} Does the given ctcp request on
nickname.
/closemsg {nickname} Closes the query window you have open to the specified nick.
/creq [ask | auto | ignore] Sets your DCC 'On Chat request' settings in DCC/Options.
/dcc send {nickname} {file1} {file2} {file3} ... {fileN} Sends the specified files to nick.
/dcc chat {nickname} Opens a dcc window and sends a dcc chat request to nickname.
/describe {#channel} {action text} Sends the specifed action to the specified channel window.
/dde [-r] {service} {topic} {item} [data] Allows DDE control between mIRC and other
applications.
/ddeserver [on [service name] | off] To turn on the DDE server mode, eventually with a given
service name.
/disable {#groupname} De-activates a group of commands or events.
/disconnect Forces a hard and immediate disconnect from your IRC server. Use it with care.
/dlevel {level} Changes the default user level in the remote section.
/dns {nickname | IP address | IP name} Uses your providers DNS to resolve an IP address.
/echo [nickname|#channel|status] {text} Displays the given text only to YOU on the given place
in color N.
/enable {#groupname} Activates a group of commands or events.
/events [on|off] Shows the remote events status or sets it to listening or not.
/exit Forces mIRC to closedown and exit.
/finger Does a finger on a users address.
/flood [{numberoflines} {seconds} {pausetime}] Sets a crude flood control method.
/fsend [on|off] Shows fsends status and allows you to turn dcc fast send on or off.
/fserve {nickname} {maxgets} {homedirectory} [welcome text file] Opens a fileserver.
/guser {level} {nick} [type] Adds the user to the user list with the specified level and
address type.
/help {keyword} Brings up the Basic IRC Commands section in the mIRC help file.
/ignore [on|off|nickname|address] Toggles ignoring of a nick or address or sets it on or off
totally.
/invite {nickname} {#channel} Invites another user to a channel.
/join {#channel} Makes you join the specified channel.
/kick {#channel} {nickname} Kicks nickname off a given channel.
/list [#string] [-min #] [-max #] Lists all currently available channels, evt. filtering for
parameters.
/log [on|off] Shows the logging status or sets it on or off for the current window.
/me {action text} Sends the specifed action to the active channel or query window.
/mode {#channel|nickname} [[+|-]modechars [parameters]] Sets channel or user modes.
/msg {nickname} {message} Send a private message to this user without opening a query window.
/names {#channel} Shows the nicks of all people on the given channel.
/nick {new nickname} Changes your nickname to whatever you like.
/notice {nick} {message} Send the specified notice message to the nick.
/notify [on|off|nickname] Toggles notifying you of a nick on IRC or sets it on or off totally.
/onotice [#channel] {message} Send the specified notice message to all channel ops.
/omsg [#channel] {message} Send the specified message to all ops on a channel.
/part {#channel} Makes you leave the specified channel.
/partall Makes you leave all channels you are on.
/ping {server address} Pings the given server. NOT a nickname.
/play [-c] {filename} [delay] Allows you to send text files to a window.
/pop {delay} [#channel] {nickname} Performs a randomly delayed +o on a not already opped nick.
/protect [on|off|nickname|address] Toggles protection of a nick or address or sets it on or off
totally.
/query {nickname} {message} Open a query window to this user and send them the private message.
/quit [reason] Disconnect you from IRC with the optional byebye message.
/raw {raw command} Sends any raw command you supply directly to the server. Use it with care!!
/remote [on|off] Shows the remote commands status or sets it to listening or not.
/rlevel {access level} Removes all users from the remote users list with the specified access
level.
/run {c:\path\program.exe} [parameters] Runs the specified program, evt. with parameters.
/ruser {nick[!]|address} [type] Removes the user from the remote users list.
/save {filename.ini} Saves remote sections into a specified INI file.
/say {text} Says whatever you want to the active window.
/server [server address [port] [password]] Reconnects to the previous server or a newly
specified one.
/sound [nickname|#channel] {filename.wav} {action text} Sends an action and a fitting sound.
/speak {text} Uses the external text to speech program Monologue to speak up the text.
/sreq [ask | auto | ignore] Sets your DCC 'On Send request' settings in DCC/Options.
/time Tells you the time on the server you use.
/timer[N] {repetitions} {interval in seconds} {command} [| {more commands}] Activates a timer.
/topic {#channel} {newtopic} Changes the topic for the specified channel.
/ulist [{|}]{level} Lists all users in the remote list with the specified access levels.
/url [-d] Opens the URL windows that allows you to surf the www parallel to IRC.
/uwho [nick] Pops up the user central with information about the specified user.
/who {#channel} Shows the nicks of all people on the given channel.
/who {*address.string*} Shows all people on IRC with a matching address.
/whois {nickname} Shows information about someone in the status window.
/whowas {nickname} Shows information about someone who -just- left IRC.
/wavplay {c:\path\sound.wav} Locally plays the specified wave file.
/write [-cidl] {filename} [text] To write the specified text to a .txt file.

MoViEBoT #xdcc-help /server irc.atomic-irc.net

We strive to make IRC easier for you!

23 Ways To Improve Windows XP Performance

Since defragging the disk won't do much to improve Windows XP performance, here are 23 suggestions that will. Each can enhance the performance and reliability of your customers' PCs. Best of all, most of them will cost you nothing.
1.) To decrease a system's boot time and increase system performance, use the money you save by not buying defragmentation software -- the built-in Windows defragmenter works just fine -- and instead equip the computer with an Ultra-133 or Serial ATA hard drive with 8-MB cache buffer.

2.) If a PC has less than 512 MB of RAM, add more memory. This is a relatively inexpensive and easy upgrade that can dramatically improve system performance.

3.) Ensure that Windows XP is utilizing the NTFS file system. If you're not sure, here's how to check: First, double-click the My Computer icon, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Next, examine the File System type; if it says FAT32, then back-up any important data. Next, click Start, click Run, type CMD, and then click OK. At the prompt, type CONVERT C: /FS:NTFS and press the Enter key. This process may take a while; it's important that the computer be uninterrupted and virus-free. The file system used by the bootable drive will be either FAT32 or NTFS. I highly recommend NTFS for its superior security, reliability, and efficiency with larger disk drives.

4.) Disable file indexing. The indexing service extracts information from documents and other files on the hard drive and creates a "searchable keyword index." As you can imagine, this process can be quite taxing on any system.

The idea is that the user can search for a word, phrase, or property inside a document, should they have hundreds or thousands of documents and not know the file name of the document they want. Windows XP's built-in search functionality can still perform these kinds of searches without the Indexing service. It just takes longer. The OS has to open each file at the time of the request to help find what the user is looking for.

Most people never need this feature of search. Those who do are typically in a large corporate environment where thousands of documents are located on at least one server. But if you're a typical system builder, most of your clients are small and medium businesses. And if your clients have no need for this search feature, I recommend disabling it.

Here's how: First, double-click the My Computer icon. Next, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Uncheck "Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching." Next, apply changes to "C: subfolders and files," and click OK. If a warning or error message appears (such as "Access is denied"), click the Ignore All button.

5.) Update the PC's video and motherboard chipset drivers. Also, update and configure the BIOS. For more information on how to configure your BIOS properly, see this article on my site.

6.) Empty the Windows Prefetch folder every three months or so. Windows XP can "prefetch" portions of data and applications that are used frequently. This makes processes appear to load faster when called upon by the user. That's fine. But over time, the prefetch folder may become overloaded with references to files and applications no longer in use. When that happens, Windows XP is wasting time, and slowing system performance, by pre-loading them. Nothing critical is in this folder, and the entire contents are safe to delete.

7.) Once a month, run a disk cleanup. Here's how: Double-click the My Computer icon. Then right-click on the C: drive and select Properties. Click the Disk Cleanup button -- it's just to the right of the Capacity pie graph -- and delete all temporary files.

8.) In your Device Manager, double-click on the IDE ATA/ATAPI Controllers device, and ensure that DMA is enabled for each drive you have connected to the Primary and Secondary controller. Do this by double-clicking on Primary IDE Channel. Then click the Advanced Settings tab. Ensure the Transfer Mode is set to "DMA if available" for both Device 0 and Device 1. Then repeat this process with the Secondary IDE Channel.

9.) Upgrade the cabling. As hard-drive technology improves, the cabling requirements to achieve these performance boosts have become more stringent. Be sure to use 80-wire Ultra-133 cables on all of your IDE devices with the connectors properly assigned to the matching Master/Slave/Motherboard sockets. A single device must be at the end of the cable; connecting a single drive to the middle connector on a ribbon cable will cause signaling problems. With Ultra DMA hard drives, these signaling problems will prevent the drive from performing at its maximum potential. Also, because these cables inherently support "cable select," the location of each drive on the cable is important. For these reasons, the cable is designed so drive positioning is explicitly clear.

10.) Remove all spyware from the computer. Use free programs such as AdAware by Lavasoft or SpyBot Search & Destroy. Once these programs are installed, be sure to check for and download any updates before starting your search. Anything either program finds can be safely removed. Any free software that requires spyware to run will no longer function once the spyware portion has been removed; if your customer really wants the program even though it contains spyware, simply reinstall it. For more information on removing Spyware visit this Web Pro News page.

11.) Remove any unnecessary programs and/or items from Windows Startup routine using the MSCONFIG utility. Here's how: First, click Start, click Run, type MSCONFIG, and click OK. Click the StartUp tab, then uncheck any items you don't want to start when Windows starts. Unsure what some items are? Visit the WinTasks Process Library. It contains known system processes, applications, as well as spyware references and explanations. Or quickly identify them by searching for the filenames using Google or another Web search engine.

12.) Remove any unnecessary or unused programs from the Add/Remove Programs section of the Control Panel.

13.) Turn off any and all unnecessary animations, and disable active desktop. In fact, for optimal performance, turn off all animations. Windows XP offers many different settings in this area. Here's how to do it: First click on the System icon in the Control Panel. Next, click on the Advanced tab. Select the Settings button located under Performance. Feel free to play around with the options offered here, as nothing you can change will alter the reliability of the computer -- only its responsiveness.

14.) If your customer is an advanced user who is comfortable editing their registry, try some of the performance registry tweaks offered at Tweak XP.

15.) Visit Microsoft's Windows update site regularly, and download all updates labeled Critical. Download any optional updates at your discretion.

16.) Update the customer's anti-virus software on a weekly, even daily, basis. Make sure they have only one anti-virus software package installed. Mixing anti-virus software is a sure way to spell disaster for performance and reliability.

17.) Make sure the customer has fewer than 500 type fonts installed on their computer. The more fonts they have, the slower the system will become. While Windows XP handles fonts much more efficiently than did the previous versions of Windows, too many fonts -- that is, anything over 500 -- will noticeably tax the system.

18.) Do not partition the hard drive. Windows XP's NTFS file system runs more efficiently on one large partition. The data is no safer on a separate partition, and a reformat is never necessary to reinstall an operating system. The same excuses people offer for using partitions apply to using a folder instead. For example, instead of putting all your data on the D: drive, put it in a folder called "D drive." You'll achieve the same organizational benefits that a separate partition offers, but without the degradation in system performance. Also, your free space won't be limited by the size of the partition; instead, it will be limited by the size of the entire hard drive. This means you won't need to resize any partitions, ever. That task can be time-consuming and also can result in lost data.

19.) Check the system's RAM to ensure it is operating properly. I recommend using a free program called MemTest86. The download will make a bootable CD or diskette (your choice), which will run 10 extensive tests on the PC's memory automatically after you boot to the disk you created. Allow all tests to run until at least three passes of the 10 tests are completed. If the program encounters any errors, turn off and unplug the computer, remove a stick of memory (assuming you have more than one), and run the test again. Remember, bad memory cannot be repaired, but only replaced.

20.) If the PC has a CD or DVD recorder, check the drive manufacturer's Web site for updated firmware. In some cases you'll be able to upgrade the recorder to a faster speed. Best of all, it's free.

21.) Disable unnecessary services. Windows XP loads a lot of services that your customer most likely does not need. To determine which services you can disable for your client, visit the Black Viper site for Windows XP configurations.

22.) If you're sick of a single Windows Explorer window crashing and then taking the rest of your OS down with it, then follow this tip: open My Computer, click on Tools, then Folder Options. Now click on the View tab. Scroll down to "Launch folder windows in a separate process," and enable this option. You'll have to reboot your machine for this option to take effect.

23.) At least once a year, open the computer's cases and blow out all the dust and debris. While you're in there, check that all the fans are turning properly. Also inspect the motherboard capacitors for bulging or leaks. For more information on this leaking-capacitor phenomena, you can read numerous articles on my site.


Following any of these suggestions should result in noticeable improvements to the performance and reliability of your customers' computers. If you still want to defrag a disk, remember that the main benefit will be to make your data more retrievable in the event of a crashed drive.

10 reasons why PCs crash.

Fatal error: the system has become unstable or is busy," it says. "Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications."

You have just been struck by the Blue Screen of Death. Anyone who uses Mcft Windows will be familiar with this. What can you do? More importantly, how can you prevent it happening?

1) Hardware conflict

The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device.

For example, a printer usually connects internally on IRQ 7. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 6. Each device will try to hog a single IRQ for itself.

If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen. The way to check if your computer has a hardware conflict is through the following route:

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager.

Often if a device has a problem a yellow '!' appears next to its description in the Device Manager. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be using it.

Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder for PCI steering'. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove the problem device and reinstall it.

Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the internet to make the device function properly. A good resource is www.driverguide.com. If the device is a soundcard, or a modem, it can often be fixed by moving it to a different slot on the motherboard (be careful about opening your computer, as you may void the warranty).

When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead and touch an unpainted metal surface to discharge any static electricity.

To be fair to Mcft, the problem with IRQ numbers is not of its making. It is a legacy problem going back to the first PC designs using the IBM 8086 chip. Initially there were only eight IRQs. Today there are 16 IRQs in a PC. It is easy to run out of them. There are plans to increase the number of IRQs in future designs.

2) Bad Ram

Ram (random-access memory) problems might bring on the blue screen of death with a message saying Fatal Exception Error. A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need replacing.

But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-nanosecond (70ns) Ram with 60ns Ram will usually force the computer to run all the Ram at the slower speed. This will often crash the machine if the Ram is overworked.

One way around this problem is to enter the BIOS settings and increase the wait state of the Ram. This can make it more stable. Another way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or take some of them out. Then try to repeat the circumstances that caused the crash. When handling Ram try not to touch the gold connections, as they can be easily damaged.

Parity error messages also refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity (ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not to mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble.

EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be due to free memory problems often linked to old Dos-based programmes.

3) BIOS settings

Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common way to access these settings is to press the F2 or delete button during the first few seconds of a boot-up.

Once inside the BIOS, great care should be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece of paper all the settings that appear on the screen. That way, if you change something and the computer becomes more unstable, you will know what settings to revert to.

A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency. This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data out) Ram has a CAS latency of 3. Newer SDRam has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the computer's display.

Mcft Windows is better at allocating IRQ numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ numbers to Auto in the BIOS. This will allow Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to 'yes' to allow Windows to do this.).

4) Hard disk drives

After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk drive starts to become piecemeal or fragmented. It is a good idea to defragment the hard disk every week or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Disk Defragmenter

This will start the procedure. You will be unable to write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk is defragmenting, so it is a good idea to schedule the procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task Scheduler.

The Task Scheduler should be one of the small icons on the bottom right of the Windows opening page (the desktop).

Some lockups and screen freezes caused by hard disk problems can be solved by reducing the read-ahead optimisation. This can be adjusted by going to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System Icon-Performance-File System-Hard Disk.

Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive every few months and free some space on it. Open the Windows folder on the C drive and find the Temporary Internet Files folder. Deleting the contents (not the folder) can free a lot of space.

Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space. Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-ScanDisk

Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform this operation at night when the computer is not in use.

5) Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors

Fatal OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems.

These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Display-Settings

Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the colour settings on the left of that window. For most desktops, high colour 16-bit depth is adequate.

If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a hardware conflict. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager

Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue) and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts.

If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you do in case you make things worse.

The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button. You are searching for a setting that will display a No Conflicts message.

Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Performance-Graphics

Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a device).

Look up your video card's manufacturer on the internet and search for the most recent drivers for it.

6) Viruses

Often the first sign of a virus infection is instability. Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive, making it impossible to start. This is why it is a good idea to create a Windows start-up disk. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Add/Remove Programs

Here, look for the Start Up Disk tab. Virus protection requires constant vigilance.

A virus scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to be able to identify viruses. These signatures are stored in a DAT file. DAT files should be updated weekly from the website of your antivirus software manufacturer.

An excellent antivirus programme is McAfee VirusScan by Network Associates ( www.nai.com). Another is Norton AntiVirus 2000, made by Symantec ( www.symantec.com).

7) Printers

The action of sending a document to print creates a bigger file, often called a postscript file.

Printers have only a small amount of memory, called a buffer. This can be easily overloaded. Printing a document also uses a considerable amount of CPU power. This will also slow down the computer's performance.

If the printer is trying to print unusual characters, these might not be recognised, and can crash the computer. Sometimes printers will not recover from a crash because of confusion in the buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug the printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore the printer's default settings and you may be able to carry on.

8) Software

A common cause of computer crash is faulty or badly-installed software. Often the problem can be cured by uninstalling the software and then reinstalling it. Use Norton Uninstall or Uninstall Shield to remove an application from your system properly. This will also remove references to the programme in the System Registry and leaves the way clear for a completely fresh copy.

The System Registry can be corrupted by old references to obsolete software that you thought was uninstalled. Use Reg Cleaner by Jouni Vuorio to clean up the System Registry and remove obsolete entries. It works on Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 SE (Second Edition), Windows Millennium Edition (ME), NT4 and Windows 2000.

Read the instructions and use it carefully so you don't do permanent damage to the Registry. If the Registry is damaged you will have to reinstall your operating system. Reg Cleaner can be obtained from www.jv16.org

Often a Windows problem can be resolved by entering Safe Mode. This can be done during start-up. When you see the message "Starting Windows" press F4. This should take you into Safe Mode.

Safe Mode loads a minimum of drivers. It allows you to find and fix problems that prevent Windows from loading properly.

Sometimes installing Windows is difficult because of unsuitable BIOS settings. If you keep getting SUWIN error messages (Windows setup) during the Windows installation, then try entering the BIOS and disabling the CPU internal cache. Try to disable the Level 2 (L2) cache if that doesn't work.

Remember to restore all the BIOS settings back to their former settings following installation.

9) Overheating

Central processing units (CPUs) are usually equipped with fans to keep them cool. If the fan fails or if the CPU gets old it may start to overheat and generate a particular kind of error called a kernel error. This is a common problem in chips that have been overclocked to operate at higher speeds than they are supposed to.

One remedy is to get a bigger better fan and install it on top of the CPU. Specialist cooling fans/heatsinks are available from www.computernerd.com or www.coolit.com

CPU problems can often be fixed by disabling the CPU internal cache in the BIOS. This will make the machine run more slowly, but it should also be more stable.

10) Power supply problems

With all the new construction going on around the country the steady supply of electricity has become disrupted. A power surge or spike can crash a computer as easily as a power cut.

If this has become a nuisance for you then consider buying a uninterrupted power supply (UPS). This will give you a clean power supply when there is electricity, and it will give you a few minutes to perform a controlled shutdown in case of a power cut.

It is a good investment if your data are critical, because a power cut will cause any unsaved data to be lost.

How to Fix NTLDR missing

Observations

You power up your computer and receive the following message(s):

* NTLDR Is Missing

* Couldn't find NTLDR

Possible Causes

This problem occurs when one of more of the following boot up files are missing:

* NTLDR

* Ntdetect.com

* Boot.ini

Resolution

Generally there are 2 methods to resolve this issue.

1. Manual File Re-Patching

This method attempts to copy and replace the corrupted file from the Windows Installation disc to your hard disk. To start, follow these steps:

1. Insert the Windows 2000 or Windows XP CD into your computer as default boot up media.

2. Enter Windows Recovery Console

3. At the command prompt, assuming drive D refers to your CD Drive, type in the following and hit Enter:

Press Y when prompted to overwrite any existing file.

* copy D:\i386\ntldr C:\

* copy D:\i386\ntdetect.com C:\


4. Restart the computer

If the error message still persist, it is likely that your boot.ini file is corrupted. Try to fix your corrupted boot.ini file instead.

2. Using Windows Repair Install

This Windows Repair Install overwrites all system files in your computer, leaving your installed applications, data files and settings intact. However, you will lose previously saved system restore points and service pack updates. You may need to re-apply the system updates after this procedure.

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